Political Condition of Banglades
Political Condition Of
Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is thehead
of government, and of a multi-party
system. Executive
power is exercised by the government. Legislative
power is vested in both the government and parliament.
The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone sixteenamendments.
Political parties and election
The three major parties in Bangladesh are the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and Bangladesh
Awami League and Jatiya
Party. BNP finds its allies among some Islamist parties like Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh while the Awami League aligns itself traditionally with leftist and secularist parties. Another important player is the Jatiya
Party, headed by former military ruler Hossain
Mohammad Ershad. The Awami League-BNP rivalry has been bitter and
punctuated by protests, violence and murder. Student politics is particularly
strong in Bangladesh, a legacy from the liberation movement era. Almost all
parties have highly active student wings, and students have been elected to the
Parliament.
Three radical
Islamist parties, Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB) and Jama'atulMujahideen Bangladesh (JMB), Harkatul Jihad were
banned in February 2005 on grounds of militancy and terrorism.[5] Following the first series of bans, a series of bomb attacks took
place in the country. The evidence of staging these attacks by these extremist
groups have been found in the investigation, and hundreds of suspected members
have been detained in numerous security operations, including the head of those
two parties in 2006. The first recorded case of a suicide bomb attack in
Bangladesh took place in November 2005.
Pakistani National
Assembly Election, 1970
The election
was held on 7 December 1970. The total number of voters were 29,479,386. The
number of casting votes was 17,005,163 (57.68%), the valid casting votes was
1,64,54,278.
|
Serial
|
Political Party
|
Total Candidates
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
Percentage
|
Symbol
|
|
1
|
162
|
160
|
1,23,38,921
|
74.9%
|
Boat
|
|
|
2
|
PPP
|
79
|
1
|
4,83,571
|
2.9%
|
|
|
3
|
NijameIslami
|
49
|
0
|
0
|
0%
|
|
|
4
|
70
|
0
|
9,91,908
|
6%
|
||
|
5
|
Pakistan Muslim League (Convention)
|
93
|
0
|
4,64,185
|
2.8%
|
|
|
6
|
Pakistan Muslim League (Kou)
|
50
|
0
|
2,74,453
|
1.6%
|
|
|
7
|
Pakistan Muslim League (Kayum)
|
65
|
0
|
1,75,822
|
1%
|
|
|
8
|
National
Awami Party (Wali)
|
39
|
0
|
3,10,986
|
1.8%
|
|
|
9
|
Independent
(politician)
|
114
|
1
|
5,61,083
|
3.4%
|
East Pakistan
Provincial Council Election, 1970
The election
was held on 17 December 1970. The percentage of casting votes was (57.69%), and
the number of reserved women seat was 10
|
Serial
|
`Political Party
|
Total Candidates
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
Percentage
|
Symbol
|
|
1
|
300
|
288
|
89%
|
Boat
|
||
|
2
|
PDP
|
2
|
1%
|
|||
|
3
|
NijameIslami
|
1
|
||||
|
4
|
1
|
3%
|
||||
|
5
|
Pakistan Muslim League (Convention)
|
0
|
1%
|
|||
|
6
|
Pakistan Muslim League (Kou)
|
0
|
0.05%
|
|||
|
7
|
Pakistan Muslim League (Kayum)
|
0
|
0.05%
|
|||
|
8
|
National
Awami Party (Wali)
|
1
|
0.9%
|
|||
|
9
|
Independent
(politician)
|
7
|
5%
|
Bangladeshi
General Election, 1973
The election
was held on 7 March 1973. Total number of voter=3,52,05,642; Cast
votes=1,93,29,683 (54.9%); Valid casting votes=1,88,51,808 (53.54%); Reserved
Women Seats=15.
|
Serial
|
Party
|
Total Candidates
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
%
|
Symbol
|
|
1
|
298
|
207
|
79,34,236
|
41.16%
|
Sheaf of
Paddy
|
|
|
2
|
Awami
League(Malek)
|
295
|
39
|
47,34,277
|
24.55%
|
Boat
|
|
3
|
Awami
League(Mizan)
|
184
|
2
|
5,53,426
|
2.72%
|
Ladder
|
|
4
|
240
|
8
|
9,31,851
|
4.84%
|
Torch
|
|
|
5
|
266
|
20
|
19,41,394
|
10.08%
|
Lantern
(Hurricane)
|
|
|
6
|
National
Awami Party (Mo)
|
89
|
1
|
4,32,514
|
2.25%
|
Hut
|
|
7
|
National
Awami Party (Naser)
|
28
|
0
|
25,336
|
0.14%
|
Rose
|
|
8
|
National
Awami Party (Nuru
Jahid)
|
38
|
0
|
88,385
|
0.46%
|
Lamp
|
|
9
|
11
|
0
|
75,455
|
0.39%
|
Key
|
|
|
10
|
70
|
0
|
1,70,955
|
0.89%
|
Bullock
Cart
|
|
|
11
|
14
|
2
|
69,319
|
0.36%
|
Plough
|
|
|
12
|
46
|
2
|
1,15,622
|
0.60
|
Bicycle
|
|
|
13
|
29
|
0
|
27,259
|
0.14
|
Fish
|
|
|
14
|
2
|
0
|
4,954
|
0.02
|
Umbrella
|
|
|
15
|
20
|
1
|
74,771
|
0.39
|
||
|
16
|
16
|
0
|
7,738
|
0.04
|
Chair
|
|
|
17
|
18
|
1
|
34,259
|
0.17
|
Clock
|
|
|
18
|
9
|
0
|
10,932
|
0.06
|
Mango
|
|
|
19
|
Bangladesh Jatioy Dal(Huda)
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
Date Tree
|
|
|
20
|
5
|
0
|
3,564
|
0.01
|
||
|
21
|
3
|
1
|
44,459
|
0.23
|
Inkpot
|
|
|
22
|
3
|
0
|
5,703
|
0.02
|
Horse
|
|
|
23
|
3
|
0
|
3,363
|
0.01
|
Spade
|
|
|
24
|
2
|
0
|
130
|
0.01
|
Elephant
|
|
|
25
|
2
|
0
|
389
|
0.01
|
Pineaple
|
|
|
26
|
1
|
0
|
1,378
|
0.01
|
Aeroplane
|
|
|
27
|
1
|
0
|
1,575
|
0.01
|
Candle
|
|
|
28
|
1
|
0
|
1,8340
|
0.01
|
Pitcher
|
|
|
29
|
1
|
0
|
14,429
|
0.07
|
Cow
|
|
|
30
|
422
|
16
|
19,63,345
|
10.10%
|
||
Bangladeshi
General Election, 1986
The election
was held on 7 May 1986. Total number of voter=4,78,76,979; Cast
votes=2,89,03,889 (60.31%); Valid casting votes=-----; Reserved Women Seats=30.
|
Serial
|
Party
|
Total Candidates
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
%
|
Symbol
|
|
1
|
300
|
140
|
1,05,07,549
|
30.81%
|
Sheaf of Paddy
|
|
|
2
|
264
|
88
|
1,02,59,866
|
30.08%
|
Boat
|
|
|
3
|
222
|
18
|
41,17,737
|
12.2%
|
Balance Scale
|
|
|
4
|
272
|
35
|
40,63,537
|
11.92%
|
Plough
|
|
|
5
|
Jaker Party (JDP)
|
251
|
0
|
4,17,737
|
1.22%
|
Rose
|
Bangladeshi
General Election, February 1996
Following
boycotts by the main opposition party Bangladesh
Awami League, BNP won the uncontested elections.
However, amidst protests, they were made to cave into Awami League's original
demands, dissolve the parliament, and hold elections under a neutral caretaker
governmentafter the enactment of the 13th amendment.
|
Party
|
Votes
|
%
|
Seats
|
+/–
|
|
300
|
+160
|
|||
|
Total
|
11,776,481
|
100
|
300
|
0
|
|
Source:
Nohlen et al.
|
||||
Bangladeshi
General Election, June 1996
Bangladesh
Awami League won the general elections for the first time since
1973 by forming a coalition government, since they fell 5 seats short of a
majority.
|
Party
|
Votes
|
%
|
Seats
|
+/-
|
|
15,882,792
|
37.4
|
146
|
New
|
|
|
14,255,986
|
33.6
|
116
|
-34
|
|
|
6,954,981
|
16.4
|
32
|
New
|
|
|
3,653,013
|
8.6
|
3
|
New
|
|
|
461,517
|
1.1
|
1
|
New
|
|
|
97,916
|
0.2
|
1
|
New
|
|
|
74 other
parties
|
662,451
|
1.6
|
0
|
0
|
|
Independents
|
449,618
|
1.1
|
1
|
-9
|
|
Invalid/blank
votes
|
462,302
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
|
42,880,576
|
100
|
300
|
0
|
Brief History of Caretaker Government of Bangladesh
Parliament
of Bangladesh (2014)
A caretaker
government was first introduced in 1990 when three political alliances jointly
made a demand for it. Following the forced resignation of General Ershad, the
three alliances nominated then Chief Justice Shahbuddin Ahmed as the Chief
Advisor. A Caretaker government is headed by a Chief Adviser who enjoys the same power as the regular prime minister of the
country except defence matters. The Advisors function as Ministers. Since 1996,
the Caretaker government has held the elections of 1996, 2001 and 2008.
Although the first caretaker government was intended to help the transition
from authoritarianism to democracy, this system was institutionalized in 1996
by the Sixth Parliament dominated byBangladesh Nationalist Party, yielding to boycotting opposition pressure.
In Bangladesh,
there was a Caretaker
Government (CTG) for the period of 1990-91 with
understanding of political parties. Later, there were also CTG formed within
constitutional framework in 1996, 2001 and 2006 followed by 13th amendment to
the constitution passed in the parliament. Besides, an extra-constitutional
military-backed CTG was installed in 2007 which governed Bangladesh without
legitimacy that ultimately handed over to elected political party following 29
December 2008 parliamentary election when they were failed to continue as
pressured by international world. According to the provision (before
abolishment)of CTG in the Bangladesh Constitution, there were 6 options to
appoint Chief
Advisor (CA). Last option of CA is the President. CTG
had to hold election within 90 days and in 120 days power could be handed over
to elected political party. Day to day affair or routine duty and holding
parliamentary election are mandated responsibility of CTG. The military backed
CTG was formed without constitutional provision, CA was appointed violating
provision of constitution, performed all responsibilities of regular elected
government and lasted for 2 years. Army chief used to attend the advisory
council meetings and pressured cabinet to take decision as he wanted.
Initial
resistance and the formation of Provisional Government
After a brutal Pakistani army crackdown on the local people of
Bangladesh on 25 March 1971. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Chief of Awami League
and the leader of the liberation movement declared independence on 26 March
1971, which was broadcast from Chittagong radio station on 27 March, first by the
then Awami League Secretary of Chittagong Mr Abdul Hannan and other Awami
League leaders and then by Major Ziaur Rahman on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman in the evening of 27 March. Captain Rafiq BU Commanding Officer of
Chittagong East Pakistan Rifles revolted first and subsequently other
commanding officers at different places: Major Shafiullah, Major Khaled
Musharraf and Major Ziaur Rahman revolted with their forces. Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman was arrested by the Pakistan Army in early hours of 26 March, immediately
after he declared independence and was taken to West Pakistan, where he
remained in jail till early January 1972.
Bangladesh's
first government formed on 10 April 1971 and took the oath of office in
Meherpur, Kushtia on 17 April 1971. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was elected as the first
President of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh, Syed Nazrul Islam was
elected as the Vice President, and Tajuddin Ahmed was elected as the first Prime
Minister. Other major cabinet members were MrKamruzzaman, MrMonsur Ali and
KhodokarMustaq Ahmed, all senior Awami League leaders. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by
virtue of his position as the President of Bangladesh became the Supreme
Commander of the Liberation Army, while Colonel M.A.G. Osmani was appointed by
the provisional government as the Commander-in- Chief of the liberation army.
Subsequently, the provisional government formed its secretariat and designated
top bureaucrats as chiefs of the divisions of the Secretariat. The Provisional
Government later divided Bangladesh into eleven Sectors for conducting war
efficiently and in an organized manner. This Government became the first legal
political entity on behalf of the fighting people of Bangladesh and represented
the people in the international arena. Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed started
intergovernmental dialogue with the Indian Government immediately after the
formation of the Provisional Government.
As this government was formed during the war of independence from
Pakistan, its significance holds a distinction. Its temporary headquarters were
soon set up at 8 Theatre Road in Calcutta, India.
1972-1975: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
In early
January 1972 the leader of the Liberation War and Liberation movement Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman was released from Pakistan Jail and was sent to London. On
Mujib's arrival in London, he was met by the Prime Minister of UK and other
world leaders. Sheikh Mujib returned to Bangladesh on 10 January 1972, by a
British Royal Air Force Aircraft. Mujib was placed at the helm of government,
according to the election victory under the unified Pakistan government. In
1973 after the first Bangladesh elections, he continued his term in office with
immense backing from India, and public popularity, but had great difficulty
transforming this popular support into the political strength needed to
function as head of government. The new constitution, which came into force in
December 1972, created a strong executive prime minister, a largely ceremonial
presidency, an independent judiciary, and a unicameral legislature on a
modified Westminster model. The 1972 constitution adopted as state policy
the Awami
League's (AL) four basic principles of nationalism,secularism, socialism, and democracy.
The first
parliamentary elections held under the 1972 constitution were in March 1973,
with the Awami League winning a massive majority. No other political party in
Bangladesh's early years was able to duplicate or challenge the League's broad-based
appeal, membership, or organizational strength.
August-1975
November
Mujib's senior cabinet minister KhondakerMostaq Ahmad formed a new
government and immediately initiated a few critical changes in Mujib's policies
and rules of business in government. However, within three months the first
military coup took place in Bangladesh by senior members of the army, removing
Mushtaq and replacing his administration. Armed forces personnel along with
internal political and government forces fell into a chaotic dispute, resulting
in a vacuum at the highest level of government.
Following
KhondakerMostaq Ahmad's removal, jail killings of arrested members of Mujib's
cabinet, and assassination of Brigadier General Khaled Musharaf by a segment of
army personnel, a very short lived revolution resulted in the emergence of
arrested deputy Army Chief of Staff Major General Ziaur Rahman ("Zia"), who managed to take the lead and bring the
whole nation out of a political quagmire. His first action was to communicate
to the people through radio and television and bring order and calm to the
nation. He pledged full support to the civilian government headed by President
Chief Justice Sayem. Acting at Zia's behest, Sayem dissolved Parliament, and
instituted state of emergency under martial law. Fresh elections were to be in 1977 under a multi party democracy with
full freedom of the press. As President, Zia announced a 19-point program of
economic reform and began dismantling the MLA. Keeping his promise to hold
elections, Zia won a 5-year term in June 1978 elections, with 76% of the vote.
In November 1978, his government removed the remaining restrictions on
political party activities in time for parliamentary elections in February
1979. The AL and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), founded by Zia, emerged as the two major parties. The
constitution was again amended to provide for an executive prime minister appointed by the president, and responsible to a parliamentary
majority. Zia invigiorated a strong foreign policy based on sovereignty and
economic independence. He initiated many social programs to uplift the poor
through honest hard work and education.
1982-1990:
Hussain Mohammed Ershad
Hussein Muhammad Ershad
Army Chief of
Staff Lt. Gen. Hussain
Mohammed Ershad assumed power in the second full-fledged but
bloodless coup on 24 March 1982. He removed the country's democratically
elected president and suspended the constitution and declared martial law. He
cited pervasive corruption, ineffectual government, and economic mismanagement
for legitimising his action. The following year, Ershad assumed the presidency,
retaining his positions as army chief and CMLA, first time in Bangladesh.
During most of 1984, Ershad sought the opposition parties' participation in
local elections under martial law. The opposition's refusal to participate,
however, forced Ershad to abandon these plans. Ershad was capable of managing
the Awami League through financial and political support. The Awami League's
support gave him the strength and legitimacy to seek public support for his
regime in a national referendum on his leadership in March 1985. He won
overwhelmingly, although turnout was small.
Despite a boycott by the BNP, led Begum
Khaleda Zia, parliamentary elections were held on schedule in May
1986. The Jatiya Party won a modest majority of the 300 elected seats in the
national assembly. The participation of the Awami League led by party
chairman Sheikh
Hasina Wazed—lent the elections some credibility, despite
widespread charges of voting irregularities and ballot box theft.
In July 1987,
however, after the government hastily pushed through a controversial
legislative bill to include military representation on local administrative
councils. Passage of the bill helped spark an opposition movement by Bangladesh
Nationalist Party that quickly gathered momentum. The Awami League and
JamaatIslami. understanding their political gamble, gradually united with
Bangladesh Nationalist Party for the first time. The government began to arrest
scores of opposition activists under the country's Special
Powers Act of 1974. Despite these arrests, opposition
parties continued to organize protest marches and nationwide strikes. After
declaring a state of emergency, Ershad dissolved Parliament and scheduled fresh
elections for March 1988.
All major
opposition parties refused government overtures to participate in these polls,
maintaining that the government was illegal and incapable of holding free and
fair elections. Despite the opposition boycott, the government proceeded. The ruling Jatiya Party won 251 of the 300
seats. The Parliament, while still regarded by the opposition as an illegitimate
body, held its sessions as scheduled, and passed numerous bills, including, in
June 1988, a constitutional amendment making Islam Bangladesh's state
religion.
By 1989, the
domestic political situation in the country seemed to have quieted. The local
council elections were generally considered by international observers to have
been less violent and more free and fair than previous elections. However,
opposition to Ershad's rule began to regain momentum, escalating by the end of
1990 in frequent general
strikes, increasedcampus protests, public rallies, and a general disintegration of law and order.
On 6 December 1990, after 2 months of widespread civil unrest, Ershad
offered his resignation. On 27 February 1991, an interim government oversaw
what most observers believed to be the nation's second most free and fair
elections to dat
Sheikh
Hasina Wajed Begum Khaleda Zia
1991-1996:
KhaledaZia
The
center-right BNP won a plurality of seats and formed a coalition government
with the Islamic party Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, with Khaleda
Zia, widow of Ziaur Rahman, obtaining the post of Prime
Minister. Only four parties had more than 10 members elected to the 1991
Parliament: The BNP, led by Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia; the AL, led
by Sheikh
Hasina; the Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), led by Golam Azam; and the Jatiya Party (JP), led by acting chairman Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury while its
founder, former President Ershad, served out a prison sentence on corruption
charges. The electorate approved still more changes to the constitution,
formally re-creating a parliamentary system and returning governing power to
the office of the prime minister, as in Bangladesh's original 1972
constitution. In October 1991, members of Parliament elected a new head of
state, President Abdur
Rahman Biswas.
In March 1994,
controversy over a parliamentary by-election, which the opposition claimed the
government had rigged, led to an indefinite boycott of Parliament by the entire opposition. The opposition also began
a program of repeated general strikes to press its demand that Khaleda Zia's
government resign and a caretaker government supervise a general election.
Efforts to mediate the dispute, under the auspices of the Commonwealth Secretariat, failed. After
another attempt at a negotiated settlement failed narrowly in late December
1994, the opposition resigned en masse from Parliament. The opposition then
continued a campaign of Marches, demonstrations, and strikes in an effort to force the government to resign. The year 1995
observed nearly 200 days of general strikes disrupting the countries normal
activities. The opposition, including the Awami League's Sheikh Hasina, pledged
to boycott national elections scheduled for 15 February 1996.
1996-2001: Sheikh Hasina
Sheikh Hasina
formed what she called a "Government of National Consensus" in June
1996, which included one minister from the Jatiya Party and another from
the JatiyoSamajtantrik
Dal, a very small leftist party. The Jatiya Party never
entered into a formal coalition arrangement, and party president H.M. Ershad
withdrew his support from the government in September 1997. Only three parties
had more than 10 members elected to the 1996 Parliament: The Awami League, BNP,
and Jatiya Party. Jatiya Party president, Ershad, was released from prison on
bail in January 1997.
Although international and domestic election observers found the June
1996 election free and fair, the BNP protested alleged vote rigging by the
Awami League. Ultimately, however, the BNP party decided to join the new
Parliament. The BNP soon charged that police and Awami League activists were
engaged in large-scale harassment and jailing of opposition activists. At the
end of 1996, the BNP staged a parliamentary walkout over this and other
grievances but returned in January 1997 under a four-point agreement with the
ruling party. The BNP asserted that this agreement was never implemented and
later staged another walkout in August 1997. The BNP returned to Parliament
under another agreement in March 1998.
2001-2006:
Khaleda Zia
A Khaleda-led
four-party alliance won two-thirds of total parliamentary seats, while Awami
League won only 62 seats that represent the smallest opposition after 1991.
Khaleda Zia won a second term in 2001. Her coalition included several Islamist
parties. On 21 August 2004 a group of terrorists conducted vicious grenade
attack on a rally held by the opposition party Awami League including leader Sheikh Hasina. Prominent leaders including Ivy Rahman were killed in the attack, and Hasina herself sustained injuries
to her ears. The Awami League called for a nationwide hartal (general strikes)
on 23 and 24 August 2004 following the incident. Begum Khaleda Zia, then Prime
Minister of Bangladesh condemned the attacks, and also vowed a thorough probe
to catch the culprits. It was later revealed that Tarique
Rahman son of Prime Minister Khaleda Zia masterminded
the attack.
2006-2008:
caretaker government
An election was
scheduled for the beginning of 2007, however it did not take place. The
caretaker government was accused of BNP bias by Hasina and her coalition, who
fomented nationwide protests and shut-downs. Given the parties' failure to
agree on a candidate For Chief Advisor, according to the constitution the
position devolved to the President, Iajuddin
Ahmed, serving since 2002. He took it on in addition to his
regular responsibilities, which under the caretaker government included the
Defense Ministry.
In April 2007,
Ahmed's military backed administration attempted to reform the political
parties by exiling Hasina and Zia, but they backed down amid domestic and
international protestations. Hasina, who had been visiting her children in the
US, was allowed to return but she had to face serious charges, including
involvement in the assassination of four political rivals. In July, she was
taken into custody after two businessmen testified that she had extorted ৳80 million (US$1.16 million) from them. This provoked angry
protests from her supporters; even her bitter rival Khaleda Zia, as well as six British MPs and MEPs, called for her
release. Khaleda herself faced charges of tax evasion.
2009-2014:
Sheikh Hasina
The Awami
League came to power by winning the vast majority of parliament
seats in the election held on 29 December 2008, and Sheikh Hasina became the Prime Minister of Bangladesh for the second time. Her
cabinet took oath on 6 January 2009. The first two years under this government
was peaceful, but a debatable issue took place when the Awami League government
enforced an existing law to reclaim the house where Khaleda Zia had lived for
nearly 40 years for a nominal cost. Khaleda Zia moved to the house of her
brother Sayeed Iskandar at Gulshan. Controversy erupted in 2011 when Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina declared the abolition of the care-taker government
system, contradicting her own motives and views in the mid 90s when she had
demanded that elections should be held under neutral care-taker governments.
Hasina justified this by stating that a neutral care-taker government may abuse
its power (referring to the care-taker government crisis in 2006-2008) and take
unlawful and autocratic control of the country.
The period 2012-2014 was marked by widespread political unrest and
violence in the form of strikes, riots and acts of vandalism which led to
massive property damages, economic losses and death of many ordinary citizens.
Petrol bombs and cocktails were being used at their peaks. But the ruling party
remained committed to their decision and compared the ongoing protests to acts
of terrorism. Both the ruling party and the opposition received foreign
criticism. The scheduled date of the 10th general election was 5 January 2014. with
mass boycott from BNP and its major allies. Awami League had a landslide
victory, and Sheikh Hasina was sworn in as Prime Minister for the third time on
9 January 2014, while Rowshan Ershad of the Jatiya Party became the new leader
of the opposition, as Khaleda-led BNP boycotted the election. The ongoing
BNP-Jamat protests diluted after failing to stop the January 2014 election, and
overthrow the ruling party, and by April, political stability was reached.
2014-Present:
Sheikh Hasina
In the tenth general election, Sheikh
Hasina won a controversial one-sided walkover election after her main rival Khaleda Zia and all other opposition parties boycotted the polls. Over a 100 people were killed in the 2016 Union
Parishad Election in violent clashes between Awami League and BNP supporters.[25] Later in 2016 Hasina called for the preparations of the next
general elections, schedule.